In writing a paper there are two types of citations you need to use: in-text citations and bibliographic citations. When using Chicago Style the in-text citations are numbered notes throughout the paper. Each number will correspond to a footnote or endnote with a citation. The citation in the note will correspond to a full bibliographic citation at the end of the paper on a "bibliography" page, which can also be called a "works cited" or "reference list."
Below are examples of bibliographic citations and note citations for commonly cited source types (books, book chapters, and articles). If you are using a type of source not covered here, check out the Purdue Owl. It is a comprehensive guide to creating Chicago citations. Also, don't hesitate to ask a librarian. We are happy to help!
Whenever you directly quote or paraphrase a source you need to include a note. You will place a superscript number at the end of the sentence or clause with either paraphrasing or direct quoting in it. The number will correspond to either a footnote or endnote with a citation. Footnotes will appear at the bottom of the page while endnotes will appear at the end of the paper. Each citation in a footnote/endnote will correspond to a citation in your bibliography.
The differences between the Note citation and the Bibliography citation are subtle, so it is important to pay careful attention!
Template
Number of Note. First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), Page(s).
Example
1. James Welch, Killing Custer: the Battle of the Little Bighorn and the fate of the Plains Indians (New York: W.W. Norton, 1994), 46.
Template
Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
Example
Welch, James. Killing Custer: the Battle of the Little Bighorn and the fate of the Plains Indians. New York: W.W. Norton, 1994.
Template
Number of Note. First name Last name, "Title of Essay/Chapter," in Title of Collection, ed(s). Editor's Name(s), (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page(s).
Example
2. Cheryl Wall, "Stranger at Home: James Baldwin on What It Means To Be an American," in James Baldwin: America and Beyond, eds. by Cora Kaplan and Bill Schwarz (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011), 120.
Template
Last name, First name. "Title of Essay/Chapter." Title of Collection, edited by Editor's Name(s), Page Range. Place of Publication, Publisher, Year.
Example
Wall, Cheryl. "Stranger at Home: James Baldwin on What It Means To Be an American." In James Baldwin: America and Beyond, edited by Cora Kaplan and Bill Schwarz, 33-138. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011.
Template
Number of Note. First Name Last Name. "Title of Article," Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Year): Page(s), doi/url (if online).
Example
3. Sianne Ngai, "Visceral Abstractions," GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 21, no. 1 (2015): 55-56. muse.jhu.edu/article/566788.
Template
Last Name, First Name. "Title of Essay." Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Year): Page Range. doi/url.
Example
Ngai, Sianne. "Visceral Abstractions." GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 21, no. 1 (2015): 33-63. muse.jhu.edu/article/566788.
